My Philosophy of Education :: Teaching Philosophy Education School Essays

My Philosophy of EducationI believe that the alien Language classroom should be one that not alone teaches how to speak a manner of speaking, but also how to survive in the growing, and very diverse communities that we have intercourse in and that our students live in. Students should learn about the culture that corresponds to the language that they are learning, and instructors should promote diversity and acceptance among all ethnic groups, including the people of the target language. Students should be in a classroom where they feel comfortable tolerable to experiment with the new language. I think that a teacher should always be reactive to their students, and should never be reprimanded for trying to answer or admit a question. I also believe that students should be exposed to a variety of opposite interpersonal, interpretative, and presentational communication activities. I believe students should also adopt a say in what they would like to learn in the foreign language classroom. in that respect should be a wide selection and variety of trusty materials in every classroom. This could mean anything from Spanish story books, Spanish music, Spanish and Latin American Art hung on the walls, menus, greeting cards, etc. Students should feel immersed in the culture and the language, and teachers should use these materials as well as the textbook. However, the textbook should not be the nevertheless material used in teaching the language. If possible, from time to time, students should canvass trips to authentic cultural events or restaurants.I think that every teacher should give their students a purpose for doing their assignments. These purposes should not just include getting a grade. Students can do so much, such as organizing a cultural dance at their school, singing holiday carols in the target language virtually the school, putting on a play based on authentic Hispanic kinsfolk tales.Finally, I believe that being a good teach er means teaching his or her students the best way possible and making sure that every students gets the most out of the class. Every lesson and every unit should be written with the five Cs in mind Communication, Connections, Culture, Comparisons, and Communities.My Philosophy of Education Teaching Philosophy Education School EssaysMy Philosophy of EducationI believe that the Foreign Language classroom should be one that not only teaches how to speak a language, but also how to survive in the growing, and very diverse communities that we live in and that our students live in. Students should learn about the culture that corresponds to the language that they are learning, and teachers should promote diversity and acceptance among all ethnic groups, including the people of the target language. Students should be in a classroom where they feel comfortable enough to experiment with the new language. I think that a teacher should always be responsive to their students, and shoul d never be reprimanded for trying to answer or ask a question. I also believe that students should be exposed to a variety of different interpersonal, interpretative, and presentational communication activities. I believe students should also have a say in what they would like to learn in the foreign language classroom. There should be a wide selection and variety of authentic materials in every classroom. This could mean anything from Spanish story books, Spanish music, Spanish and Latin American Art hung on the walls, menus, greeting cards, etc. Students should feel immersed in the culture and the language, and teachers should use these materials as well as the textbook. However, the textbook should not be the only material used in teaching the language. If possible, from time to time, students should take trips to authentic cultural events or restaurants.I think that every teacher should give their students a purpose for doing their assignments. These purposes should not just include getting a grade. Students can do so much, such as organizing a cultural dance at their school, singing holiday carols in the target language around the school, putting on a play based on authentic Hispanic folk tales.Finally, I believe that being a good teacher means teaching his or her students the best way possible and making sure that every students gets the most out of the class. Every lesson and every unit should be written with the five Cs in mind Communication, Connections, Culture, Comparisons, and Communities.

Asian Family Essay -- essays research papers fc

Being the biggest continent in the human being, Asia contains about 60% of the worlds population and growing each year. Though China, and India argon two of the most populated countries in the world, having about 30% of the worlds population, in that respect are about two-fifths of the countries that have less than five million habitants. Though forty-two different countries make up this great continent, much of the similarities are family values. customs duty and traditions might be different, however, occidental ideas and influences have wiped out many of those customs and created new ones in most of the countries in Asia. Even in comparison from coarse to country, the new ways and ideas are similar. The basic Asian family would be the same as in any family in comparison to the rest of the world. Patriarchy families are more popular amongst many Asian families. It is believed that the man is in charge of the house in most if not wholly the countries in Asia. However, there i s few form of equality between men and women in Asia. Some countries have more equal rights than others. Some countries such as the Middle East countries deliberate very minimal rights to women. Even a great country like the United States doesnt have full equality between men and women. Because of urbanization, western ideas and influences are reaching the average Asians. Asians are moving into cities with phenomenal speed. In an article by Michael Sivy of Time external Magazine, Malaysias Finance Minister Anwar Ibrahim states, Today, fractional of all Malaysians live in cities. Sivy adds, the result is an irreversible change in the family structure that has prevailed in Asia for thousands of years. The urbanization of these families helped to promote further growth in all aspects. It has converted the extended family into a nuclear one, says Richard Robison, director of the Asia Research Center at Murdoch University in Perth, Australia. Because of this new change, people are re lying less on the family, which in turn is creating new relationships between old and young and women and men. The change has promoted a lot of social change and economic change in many of these countries, such as Malaysia. By urbanization, many of these people are being influenced by the modernization and western technological advancements. These influences include democracy, education, communication, economical developments, medic... ...chusetts 1999 Housewright, Ed A articulatio humeri to Lean On Mothers outreach helps areas Asian families deal with mental retardation., The Dallas Morning News, Feburary 15th, 1999, pp 23A Lee, Raymond Interview with Father, Kwok Kwong Lee November 10, 1999 Ma, Karen Time Money on Familys Finances A Family Tree Gorws in Brooklyn An Ambitious Young Restaurateur Heads a Hong Kong Family, 30 Strong, That is Replanting Itself in New York City Soil.., Time International, declination 1, 1997 pp 20+ Mirsky, Jonathan Asian values, a fabulous notion.. Vo l. 127, New Statesman (1996), April 3, 1998 pp 26(2) Rudolph, Barbara Reported by Blackman, Ann Immigrants The Stereotype is Accepted Almost without a question Asian. Time International May 30, 1994, pp 31 Sivy, Michael with reporting by Daneels Jenny Goplan, Nisha Shapiro, Don Cover Story How To Get The Good Life For Young Asians Are Taking keep of Their Financial Lives Like Never Before. Time 1997 Wong, Tony Chinese family knew it wouldnt be easy The Toronto Star, May 11, 1999 Zhou, Julie For the Journal-Constitution, Enjoying the best of two cultures. The Atlanta Constitution July 19, 1999 ppA7Word enumerate 3195

Cassio, the Lieutenant, in Othello Essay -- Othello essays

Cassio, the Lieutenant, in Othello Michael Cassio, the lieutenant who supposedly stole away Iagos coveted promotion in Shakespeares Othello, is a strange sort of character. He shows great appreciation of other people he is radiant with truth and honor and yet he patronizes a prostitute, Bianca. This essay will delve into the character of Cassio. Blanche Coles in Shakespeares Four Giants comments on the character of Cassio In a casual reading of Othello, it whitethorn seem that the character of Cassio is not sufficiently well drawn, because, for reasons connected with his portrayal of Iago, Shakespeare delays the full characterization of Cassio until almost the end of the play. However, we have a number of sketch revelations of his personality that mark him distinctly in his genuine anxiety for Othellos safety, in his abstaining from taking part in the bold and suggestive comments of Iago to the two women as they wait for Othellos ship and, a little later, in his sincere regret about the loss of his reputation after he has partaken of the wine which Iago has laboured upon him. (85-86) Cassio makes his first appearance in the play in Act 1 Scene 2, when he is conducting the official business of the duke of Venice, namely the request of the haste-post-haste appearance / in time on the instant of the general because of the Ottoman threat on Cyprus. Brabantios mob briefly delays matters, and then Cassio disappears from the stage until Act 2. He disembarks in Cyprus and gracefully announces Thanks, you the valiant of this warlike isle, / That so approve the Moor After chatting with Montano and other gentlemen of the isle, he welcomes Desdemona, our great captains captain, ashore The ric... ...s corpse produces a garner which imports the death of Cassio to be undertook / By Roderigo another emotional revelation for Michael Cassio. Finally, the ultimate emotional blow to the ex-officer comes when Othello stabs himself and dies This did I fear, but thought he had no mechanism / For he was great of heart. As lord governor of the island of Cyprus now, Michael Cassio has charge of the censure of this hellish villain, / The time, the place, the torture. Lodovico appeals to Cassio to let his justice, not his mercy prevail O, enforce it WORKS CITED Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The Electric Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Coles, Blanche. Shakespeares Four Giants. Rindge, New Hampshire Richard Smith Publisher, 1957.

Persian Gulf War Essay -- essays research papers

The Persian disconnection is one of the few regions whose importance to the join States is obvious. The flow of disconnect oil will continue to be crucial to the economic well-being of the industrialized world for the foreseeable future developments in the Gulf will have a critical impact on issues ranging from Arab-Israeli relations and ghostly extremism to terrorism and nuclear nonproliferation. Every president since Richard Nixon has recognized that ensuring Persian Gulf security and stability is a vital U.S. interest.The Clinton administrations strategy for achieving this goal during the presidents first termination was its attempted "dual containment" of Iraq and Iran. This is more a slogan than a strategy, however, and the policy may not be sustainable for much longer. In trying to single out both of the Gulfs regional powers, the policy lacks strategic viability and carries a high financial and diplomatic cost. Saddam Hussein is still in power six days after hi s defeat at the hands of a multinational coalition, and the international consensus on continuing the containment of Iraq is fraying. The strident U.S. campaign to isolate Iran, in turn, drives Iran and Russia together and the United States and its Group of Seven allies apart. Finally, the imposing U.S. military presence that helps protect the members of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) from external threats is being exploited by hostile elements to take usefulness of internal social, political, and economic problems. The advent of the Clinton administrations second term, together with the imminent inauguration of a new administration in Iran following this Mays elections, provides an opportunity to review U.S. policies toward the Gulf and consider whether midcourse corrections could improve the situation. The first step in such a reevaluation is to view the problems in the Gulf clearly and objectively. In Iraq, the United States confronts a police state led by an erratic tyrant whos limited but potentially serious capacity for regional action is presently subject to constraint. In Iran, the United States confronts a country with potentially considerable military and economic capabilities and an imperial tradition, which occupies a crucial position both for the Gulf and for future relations between the West and Central Asia. If Iraq poses a clear and relatively simple immediate threat, Iran rep... ...bsp   773     n.a.Imports (goods, US$ billion)     1,030     1,222     n.a.The performance of the US economy is uninspiring in the early part of 2001. While industrial production recorded its fifth consecutive monthly decline in February 2001, retail sales pilot again in February after the rebound in the previous two months. The IMF has recently revised its US growth forecast for 2001 from 3.2% to 1.7%. Despite signs of economic weaknesses, the US employment condition remains sound and inflation is well contained.Sourceshttp//debate.uvm.edu/roguestates.htmlhttp//www.twq.com/winter01/kemp.pdf http//www.stanleyfoundation.org/reports/normalization.pdf http//www.terrorism.com/terrorism/sloan.html http//www.loc.gov/copyright/circs/circ38a.pdf http//www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/cabs/usa.html http//www.embeeuu.gub.uy/cusreg.htm http//www.zmag.org/zmag/articles/ShalomIranIraq.html http//bookstore.gpo.gov/sb/sb-210.html http//www.middle-east-online.com/English/Business/Feb2001/US%20may%20have%20to%20drop%20sanctions%20against%20Iran,%20Iraq,%20Libya.htm

Essay --

BackgroundOffice biotech as is the case with some other disciplines in bioengineering all emerged in the 1940s during the world war (McCormick and Saunders 1993). Difficulties arouse from soldiers inability to handle technical equipment produced for the war due to physical incompatibility or lack of understanding of the equipment and when the advancements in technology was transferred to the civilian populous after the war, the same problems in human-machine system incompatibility were observed. This led to a record by military personnel, academics psychologists and physiologist all researching on solutions to the complications arising from the operation of the machines (Kumar and Cohn, 2013).In the year 1949 the term ergonomics was coined from the Greek words ergo importee work and nomos meaning law in a meeting attended by distinguished psychologist and physiologist. The same group later formed the ergonomic research society (ERS) which was the low gear body in the world to s tudy on ergonomics. ERS then evolved to the ergonomics society (ES) and then to the current Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors (IEHF) (Omerley, 2103). Office ergonomics is part of this generalized evolution of ergonomics with it being a recognized discipline among the domains of ergonomics. Office ergonomics deals mainly in the office setting or environment and helps in averting injuries and adapting the work to the person rather than the person to the work.Development of office ergonomics Office ergonomics was developed in a bid to better the already good working environment (Lauren, 2006). This helps individuals operating machines give their best job results as well as maximizing production. As production is increased, risks of injury are greatly red... ...lementation of the solution by the committee. Worker compensation cost also reduced by 10%. This saved tetragon graphics money that would be used in compensation and valuable days that would have been lost due to worker absence (Lauren, 2006).Conclusion/ vistaErgonomics is a great tool in increasing worker productivity and improving working conditions in work stations. Any organization that encompasses ergonomics in its operations is saving lots of money from time wastage and worker compensation. Organizations should not wait until their workers become injured or ill so that they fetch ergonomics. They should instead adopt it from the word go. By doing so, workers have confidence in the organization as they feel cared for thus will give their best opus at work. The moment ergonomics becomes a way of life in all organizations, everything changes for the better.

Essay --

BackgroundOffice bioengineering as is the case with other disciplines in ergonomics all emerged in the 1940s during the world war (McCormick and Saunders 1993). Difficulties arouse from soldiers inability to handle technical equipment produced for the war due to physical incompatibility or deprivation of understanding of the equipment and when the advancements in technology was transferred to the civilian populous after the war, the same problems in human-machine system incompatibility were observed. This led to a study by soldiers personnel, academics psychologists and physiologist all researching on solutions to the complications arising from the operation of the machines (Kumar and Cohn, 2013).In the year 1949 the term ergonomics was coined from the Greek words ergo meaning work and nomos meaning law in a meeting attended by distinguished psychologist and physiologist. The same group later formed the ergonomic research society (ERS) which was the first body in the world to stud y on ergonomics. ERS then evolved to the ergonomics society (ES) and then to the current Institute of Ergonomics and Human Factors (IEHF) (Omerley, 2103). Office ergonomics is part of this generalized evolution of ergonomics with it being a recognized discipline among the domains of ergonomics. Office ergonomics deals mainly in the office setting or environment and helps in averting injuries and adapting the work to the person rather than the person to the work.Development of office ergonomics Office ergonomics was developed in a bid to break the already good working environment (Lauren, 2006). This helps individuals operating machines give their best job results as well as maximizing production. As production is increased, risks of scathe are greatly red... ...lementation of the solution by the committee. Worker compensation cost also reduced by 10%. This saved Quad graphics money that would be used in compensation and valuable days that would have been lost due to worker absen ce (Lauren, 2006).Conclusion/opinionErgonomics is a great tool in increasing worker productivity and improving working conditions in work stations. Any organization that encompasses ergonomics in its operations is saving lots of money from time wastage and worker compensation. Organizations should not wait until their workers become injured or ill so that they introduce ergonomics. They should instead look at it from the word go. By doing so, workers have confidence in the organization as they feel cared for thus will give their best while at work. The secondment ergonomics becomes a way of life in all organizations, everything changes for the better.

Everyone’s Opinion

suasion refers to someones point of view which canister non be proved to be true. Opinion also refers to judgments that are made by professionals regarding their belief. In law the word is used to refer to the various reasons that persuade judges to reach certain conclusions and pull ahead judgmental decisions. It is usually difficult to verify whether an prospect is true or false because there is no certainty about it and for this reason, opinions are not factual. (dictionary. reference. com).Everyone has his stimulate opinion regarding various issues that affect everyday life, such as politics, the economy, social life, the world and unknown phenomena such as the existence of supernatural beings and life after(prenominal) death. Some of the opinions are based on cultural values, how an individual is socialized and how these factors affect the personal life of someone. Due to the diverse nature of opinions, some deserve respect from others while others do not deserve any atten tion mainly because they are baseless and hold no water. Some of the opinions that deserve to be respected include public opinion, opinion polls, and normative opinions.Idle opinions and personal baseless opinions do not necessarily merit respect but can sometimes be respected when they refer to important issues. Public opinion can be defined as the consensus of adult citizens pertaining to an issue or an agenda that touches their day to day lives. Opinion polls are usually conducted to get public opinion on important matters of the state that affect the economy, market trends and policies that ensconce governance. Such opinion polls deserve a lot of attention because they determine the kind of decisions that development stakeholders make in order to make promote economically and socially.Feedback from public opinion polls is a way of measuring the success or failure of the relevant institution. A good illustration is the opinion poll which was conducted in America on why atomic energy should be back up. This poll was conducted on 2nd 4th May 2003. The results showed that the majority of the citizens supported the usage of nuclear energy by two thirds. More than 70% agreed that nuclear energy licenses be renewed and more plants should be erected to maturation energy supply.These numbers were even higher when the same poll was conducted in 2001 after some areas like California experienced power shortages. Such feedback offers the nuclear industry the necessary support from the general public to carry out its projects. Such kind of projects plays an important role in promoting development and boosting the economy. The opinion of the 30% who were against this development also cannot be ignored because their views could be of much benefit to the nuclear industry if considered as constructive criticism to improve the industrys performance. Scontia Why Americans Support Nuclear Energy Development and Characteristics of Public Opinion in the U. S) Opinions that are not constructive in nature should not be given much attention because they are not beneficial. They are comprised of views that throng dont really believe in. Idle talk that happens during work or in the evening after work in blogs, and chatrooms quickly vanishes away. It is just that people want to engage in idle discussions.Idle opinion was scratch line observed by Robert Webb when he went to the United Kingdom to feature some advertisement of Apple Mac He faced considerable criticism from people who should have been doing better things. These opinions were also not sought from them and they did not really believe in them (http//www. idleopinion. com/). The illustration above is a good example of opinions that should not be respected since they do not add any significant value to the matter at hand. Ignoring it is what is required and concentrating on work or matters of grandness and general public interest should be the way forward.

An Exploration of Morality and Privacy Essay

Shakespe ares Measure for Measure is a play that is hard to like. It is stark, structured, and monotoned in talk and plot. The characters deep down the play are overwhelming disgusting specimens of humanity who are one dimension characters which seem to not be fully developed. Central character, The Duke, is a cruel and calculating leader that is more like a puppet master than a living, breathing man. He is responsible for manipulating the characters and free will within the play, Measure for Measure. The Dukes actions are morally wrong.While The Duke claims his motivations are pure and he is trying to observe the governance of Vienna, there are other motives. The Duke likes to deem people, by pretending to be a friar is able to emotional rape and manipulate people and their free will. The Duke, who lives Italy, is in charge and it is his civic province to maintain order. However, he seems unable to do so on his own. He employs the indifferent and unemotional Lord Angelo to carry out the gruesome work as punisher. The Duke, instead, decides that he should go out and mingle with his citizens.He decides to dress like and pretend to be a Friar. Lord Angelo, like many corrupt official, becomes shake up with power, using it for his own gain. The Duke shrugs off his duties to another individual which is obviously not trust worthy. He does this because he is lazy and is not entirely comfortable with enforcing the law. The Duke believes that he is incapable of enforcing the law himself and therefore his authority is reduced. He comments, to Thomas, our decrees, / Dead to infliction, to themselves are dead, / And Liberty plucks Justice by the nose (1. 3. 27-29).Thomas responds It rested in your forbearance / To unloose this tied-up Justice when you pleased (1. 3. 31-32). It is clear that Thomas also believes that The Duke has intentionally stop doing the job he is responsible for. The Duke acknowledges Thomas point and explains that he wants to uphold a kind lead er and not one known for punishment. He states Twould be my tyranny to strike and gall them / For what I ask round them do for we bid this be done / When evil deeds have their permissive pass, / And not the punishment (1.3. 36-39). Instead of completing his civic duties, The Duke chooses to go down to the prison and pretends to be a Friar. In pretending to be a religious figure he breaking the trust which individuals place in God and the people who are chosen to represent God. His behavior is questionable and his motives are clear he wants to be a voyeur. He claims he wants to be closer to the people he was chosen to lead however, this is the ultimate control.The Duke is supposed to be civic minded and ethical yet he easily chooses to deceive the people, in prison, that need him, whether a Friar or a Leader, him most. As he takes peoples confessions he taunts them. For example when he speaks with Juliet who has conceived out of wedlock, his approach is callus. The Duke informs her that it is her fault the man, Claudio, she loves will be punished by Lord Angelo through execution. Then the Duke talks to Claudio, and advises him that he should except give up hope of life and seeking Juliet again and hoped he is prepared to die (3. 1. 4).This is followed by a long, unemotional speech about how life is not worth living and that nothing in life in truth matters, as way to encourage Claudius to be thankful for his early demise. The Duke is not done yet, he continues to make people believe he is a Friar and uses this power to manipulate them. The Duke becomes aware that Claudios sister, a virgin, has agreed to have sex with him. In doing so, Lord Angelo has agreed that Claudio will not be killed. Isabella explains the home to her brother. However, The Duke insists on listening.He requires the prison to offer him a concealed (3. 1. 53) spot. Eventually, The Duke reveals himself and claims that Lord Angelo was never serious and had never the purpose to corrupt her only he hath make an assay of her virtue to practice his judgment with the disposition of natures (3. 1. 161-164). Once again The Duke is manipulating the lives of the people he is supposed to protect and look after. He creates situations and causes people to respond in certain ways. He is amused and satisfied with himself.The Duke then tells Claudio that his execution will happen. Then The Duke changes his mind and decides that he will sleep with Lord Angelos ex finance instead of Isabella. The Duke insists that this is a good thing because the doubleness of the benefit defends the deceit from reproof (3. 2. 262-263). The Dukes manipulations continue when Lord Angelo demands that Claudio be executed and The Duke suggests that they should just substitute another inmate for Claudio. Even after Claudios live is saved, The Duke insists on telling Isabella that Claudio is dead.It is morally unacceptable that The Duke pretends to be a Friar. While The Duke claims that he is monitoring Lo rd Angelos virtue as a governorship it is clear that The Duke has his own motives in pretending and ease dropping. He believes that he has the power to a be a puppet master and pull the strings of everyone below him. If The Dukes true motive was in measuring how well Lord Angelo is doing his job, he would have confronted him much sooner then he actually does. The Duke inflicts unnecessary harm on people for his own pleasure and feeding of his own ego.

Hannibal Barca and the Carthaginian Campaign Essay

Hannibal Barca is the famous Carthaginian general, who is especially renowned for his successful causa against capital of Italy during the Second Punic War in 218 BC. Hannibal won some of the most famous victories against a numerically superior roman print host in roman type battlefields, notably the Battle of Cannae, which is universally considered as a masterpiece of soldiers outline and ranks among capaciousest military achieve custodyts in history (Gabriel, 2001).The innovative use of strategy and resources and capitalizing on enemys slightest weakness to turn into decisive triumph for himself had been unique characteristics of Hannibals leadership that has earned him place in annals of great military leaders of history. Even today, many military schools still teach Hannibals military strategy, specially his placement of forces and improvisation in attack maneuvers. Hannibal Barca (247 BC-183 BC) Hannibal pink wine to his fame during the Second Punic War (218-201 BC) du ring which he established himself as unrival guide of the most brilliant strategists and tactician of the fight seen by ancient world.If analyzed from the everyplaceall adopt of leadership, there are really few generals even in modern times who can compete with Hannibal. Hannibal was not only extremely proficient in military techniques and innovations but he was also excellent in perceptiveness the delicate balance between military and political source. He was also very apt in exercising directed will and personal leadership-indeed, it was his sheer personal presence and force that motivated soldiers under him for 16 years in a foreign land.A study of Hannibals style of campaign is highly relevant even from modern perspective. Further, the Second Punic War introduced the image of strategic deathurance and tactical engagement, which still form the basis of military strategy. In these senses, the Hannibals campaign in the Second Punic War is basinful event in the military h istory of the West (Gabriel, 2001) . Historians still debate about the exact causes that inspired Hannibal to muster Carthaginian Ships and lead the army to Italy on an inordinately long and, in the end, deliberately unaccomplished campaign.While in more than one ways, Hannibal continued to injure, wound and dent the roman type pride to the grad where Romans were hydrophobic to send an army against him, Hannibal never did actually sack the capital of Italy or take control of the Empire (Gabriel, 2001). It is suggested that Hannibals chief motivation was to neither to depress capital of Italy for their victory in first Punic war, nor to settle any personal score, but rather a more prudent vision of checking the expansionist ambition of Rome and keep Carthage secure in the only feasibly way-by attacking the Rome itself.Rome of the third century B. C.E. was still on the way to power and glory that it would acquire a century later. At this time Rome was braggart(a)ly a land power wh ile Carthage had emerged as the richest and most fibrous trading nation due to its control over sea and its access to market of Sicily, Corsica and Spain. But the expanding Roman interests soon brought Sicily in their purview, leading to direct fight with Carthage (Gabriel, 2001). The strategic position of Sicily had placed it in such position that while it marked as a check over Roman expansion, its loss would record into a direct nemesis over Carthage.This conflict of interests led to the first Punic War in 261 BC where Rome and Carthage were locked in a 20 years long war, bitterly fought by each side. Despite suffering huge casualties, Rome won by 241 BC and Carthage suffered heavy losses. Its major markets were annexed by Rome, its trading fleet was reduced and it was subjected to heavy indemnity. Faced with prospects of financial ruin, the state stood at the verge of civil war when it was rescued by its most suitable general Hamilcar Barca, father of Hannibal Barca.Hanniba l was born in 247 BC and he grew up while closely watching his fathers style of leadership and military tactics (Gabriel, 2001). It can be said that bolt down of first Punic War was one of the motivating factors for young Hannibal Barca, who actively rose through military ranks to command the forces of Carthage. At this time, most of the fighting units were primarily composed of tribal mercenaries who only valued chieftains who could lead them to victory and subsequent plunder.Therefore, Hannibals rise among these soldiers in itself is a testimony to his formidable reputation as a brilliant young tactician, competent to deliver victory even in most ill of the situations (Gabriel, 2001). The Second Punic War (218BC-201 BC) The Punic Wars are recognized as the harbinger of modern style of warfare, which is dependent more on strategy, skill and technique than numerical supremacy. They marked an important shift from the earlier one-day affairs where the fates of empires were often se ttled in a single engagement.The Second Punic War lasted for 16 years, during which Rome hardly ever won a single engagement however, it maintained its tenacious grip over the empire without collapsing until it gathered sufficient skill to achieve victory (Gabriel, 2001). The war also established the important of political will and social organization as decisive elements towards victory. Eventually, Romes victory started the era of political and strategic resource gathering that ultimately led to creation of the Roman Empire.However, these results came much later on. At the time of Hannibals campaign, Rome was still a very strong nation-state with ample economic resources, manpower and competent generals with large legions of armies under their command. On the other hand, when Hannibal started his campaign his resources were severely restrained. later discounting all the forces required to secure Carthaginian mainland, Hannibal was left with only 40,000 men and 810,000 horse, mos tly Africans and Numidians, from Carthage itself.The rest would have to be raised from friendly Iberian tribes. By comparison, Rome had a reservoir of 250,000 foot and 23,000 horses, which it could gather in any instant of war. Including the forces of its allies, the Roman swelled to Drawing swelled to 700,000 foot and 70,000 horse, an army that was even larger than Napoleons Grand Army that invaded Russia in 1812 (Gabriel, 2001). With these difficulties in sight, Hannibal was well aware that he could not win a war of attrition or a direct battle against Rome.His only alley to success lied through a prolonged campaign where he hoped to thrashing Roman army in separate encounters and thus alienate Roman allies, who would no longer see Rome as a significant power. This strategy was dangerous because Hannibal would be directly leading his army to play against Roman strength in ground war. Further, with Roman control over sea routes, the campaign would be required to be self sustaining for its entire period as no help could be reached from Carthage if the military were entrapped by Roman army (Gabriel, 2001).Added to this numerosity of difficulties was the fact that the entire campaign was to take place on Italian lands, where Roman generals had better advantage in understanding the weather and terrain. By 218 BC, Rome was itself preparing for a double assault under its twain generals, Publius Cornelius Scipio and Sempronius Longus. Scipio was to attack Spain with a force of 24000 thousand soldiers and 1500 horses while Sempronius was preparing to invade Africa with 36000 men and 1800 horses.He started his invasion in May 218 BC, with strength of 50,000 men 9000 horses, and 37 elephants, hoping to recruit the Celtic and Gallic tribes en route during the campaign (Gabriel, 2001). He had to face some hostility from local anesthetic tribes but after crushing them ruthlessly in a six week campaign he led his forces through Alps. Records show that Hannibal started h is crossing with nearly 60,000 men and 37 elephants and by the time he crossed the Alps, only 23000 men and horses and 10 elephants were left alive, though barely in fighting condition.This was a terrible setback to his campaign plans, but he did not let despair sink in (Morris. 1937). His sudden and completely unexpected descent by Alps had indeed taken the Roman Senate by surprise and thrown many of their military plans into haywire. Both Scipio and Longus were called from their planned invasion to counter impending threat of Hannibal. The Roman generals were indeed somewhat overconfident, having to operate within their own country lands. Further, they had remarkable degree of vanity, anger, impetuousness and ego-elements which Hannibal used dexterously to his advantage in draught them to battle (Tony.1992).Battles of Trebia, Lake Trasimene and Cannae. Hannibals forces had won a number of small skirmishes and minor battles against the pursuing army of Scipio which had given them confidence and also support of a large number of native tribes. Even some of the Celtic contingents within Scipio army revolted, killed Roman soldiers and joined Hannibals forces. This alerted the Roman general who then stationed his army over a hill near river Trebia, awaiting Longus and his army, to jointly take upon the Hannibals army that was resting across other side of the River (Tony. 1992).When Longus joined Scipio, the Roman contingent swelled to an staggering degree, far outnumbering Hannibals troops. However, even under these circumstances, Scipio urged caution and asked Longus to wait for winters and further reinforcement before beginning the battle. Semponius Longus was instead in favor of a quick action and quick glory. Hannibal provided further provocation to him as small part of his troops attacked Roman legions repeatedly, challenging them for war. Longus took the bait and ordered his troops to cross the Trebia river for a direct showdown against Hannibals army(To ny. 1992).However, unknown to him, Hannibal had concealed an elite force of 2000 cavalry under the banks of river, who were ready to spring a trap to Roman army. Further, Hannibals forces were well rested and had a definite action plan against their enemies. A 40000 strong Roman and allied army crossed the river Trebia to engage with Hannibals 30000 troops on a cold December morning. As the battle started, the hidden units of Hannibal attacked, taking them completely unawares and causing great disarray and confusion in the Roman columns. This confusion, along with strategic marshalling of Hannibal, cost Romans heavily (Tony.1992). More than 30,000 of their soldiers died and rest fled to safety, handing Hannibal his first great victory of the campaign.His losses were minimal in comparison, which boosted the spirit of his army and drew more native tribes to him. Battle of Lake Trasimene The defeat prompted a change in of command in Roman army and senate appointed Cnaeus Servilius and Gaius Flaminius as guidance of wars to block Hannibals invasion to Rome. Hannibal found Flaminius not much different from Longus and therefore decided to lure him to battle using the same strategy that he used at Trebia.Hannibal ordered his troops to burn countryside, towns, villages and slaughter livestocks, but prevented them from taking directly on the Roman armies. The tactics was to enrage the generals, trick them into do a mistake and then destroy the Roman army at the place that offered Hannibals troop maximum advantage.. Flaminius fell for the these tricks and he decided to take after Hannibals army through the valley besides lake Trasimene. He mistook 6000 of Hannibals troop as his entire army and entered the valley with 15000 of his force to defeat the Roman tormentor.But the full strength of Hannibals 30000 strong army was hiding in forest, under the veil of a thick fog, so that the entire Roman army went past them without taking any cognizance of their presence At the right moment, Hannibal ordered the attack, which completely routed the Roman army. The battle lasted two hours during which 15000 Roman soldiers were killed at cost of 1500 men in Hannibals army (Gabriel, 2001). Battle of Cannae Hannibals victory in battle of lake Tresimene sent waves of fear through Roman empire.In just two years he had defeat four of the best Roman counsels and caused more than 50,000 casualties. Rome realized for the first time that it was up against one of its most formidable foe and to counter the challenge, it placed the command of battle in hands of Quintus Fabius, who was a very competent commander with acute understanding of military as well as political affairs (Daly. 2002). Fabius made a correct strategic assessment of the situation and concluded that in the end of war, Romes domestic advantage, its superior alliance relation and its vast resources would lead to its victory against Hannibal.Therefore, he did not show any hurry in marching to the battlefi eld and apprehending the culprit. He very well knew that time was working in Romes favor (Daly. 2002) The military policy he started was in accordance with this understanding and it was aimed at containing Hannibal rather than defeating him. For more than a year, Fabius policy paid dividends as he strengthened defenses, retained the alliances and by refusing to engage Hannibal in a direct conflict, denied him any opportunity of a victory.Fabius was fighting the true war of attrition, which would have destroyed Hannibals army (Gabriel, 2001). But the mood in Rome was favoring war and they viewed Fabius working style as too cautionary. The senate replaced Fabius by L. Aemilius Paulus and C. Terentius Varro as generals of war. These generals immediately fell for the bait of war that Fabius was deliberately avoiding in pass of 216 BC a 86000 strong Roman army under generalship of Varro took to field against Hannibals 45000 strong force near the village of Cannae (Daly. 2002).Varro made two crucial errors. First he positioned the river Aufidus on his right flank, which denied his soldiers any space of maneuver and secondly he completely ignored the strong Carthaginian cavalry. Hannibal, in his usual display of brilliance kept his strongest units at flanks and weakest at the center. Varro took the bait and his army pushed deep inside the Carthaginian formation, where they were trapped in a nipper movement by Hannibals superior strong force (Daly. 2002). It was akin that they were trapped in a V shaped formation with no route to escape.The battle was over within few hours and its end, 52000 Roman soldiers were laying dead, and 5000 were taken prisoner. Hannibals forces had suffered 8000 losses. The combined casualty was around 60000, making it one of the bloodiest battles fought (Gabriel, 2001). Further Campaigns Cannae was a great victory for Hannibal, and it marked culmination of his three years of war efforts where he had incapacitated more than 20 percent of en tire Roman state that was capable of entering military.However, it is said, that the terrible sight after battle of Cannae had affected Hannibal deeply and despite the fact that there was no hindrance to his journey to Rome, he refused to take the coveted road, earning him censure and criticism from his own generals (Gabriel, 2001). Post the defeat of Cannae, Rome re-mobilized its army and within two years, it numbers had swelled back to 200,000 men under arms. However, it had learned from the mistakes and instead of attacking Hannibal directly, it played on Fabian strategy of tiring him, denying him an opportunity of waging a direct battle.This tactics worked successfully and by 210 BC, was Hannibal had been contained in southern Italy, while Roman armies won victories in Greece and Spain. True, Hannibal was still out of their reach and every effort to touch him resulted in a defeat for the Roman troops, but overall the Roman grip had greatly strengthened (Gabriel, 2001). By 204 B . C. E. Scipio launched a campaign against Africa, which threatened Carthage itself. This prompted the state politicians to negotiate with Rome which led to recall of Hannibal and his armies from Italy.Hannibals last battle was with Scipio on the African plain near the small village of Zama where he was as defeated, and thus terminate the military career of one of the greatest generals of the ancient world/ Conclusion Of all the adversaries that Rome faced in its long history, Hannibal Barca is indelibly etched as its greatest foe and for very concrete reasons. In the entire history of Rome, no other general had single handed ravaged the empire to the degree that Hannibal managed, staying virtually undefeated through his 16 years long campaign, while outsmarting best of the Roman generals and strategist.Its the testimony of Hannibals enterprise however, that his most trustworthy biography is given by none other than Roman historians. . His campaign against Rome produced some of th e finest military strategy and thinking that ancient world had seen, or for that matter even the modern world has seen. Like all military leaders he was cruel and ruthless, but only to the degree where these traits served to meet the object glass of his campaign. His very decision to abandon the route of Rome in wake of the slaughter at the Battle of Cannae shows the finer elements of his character.

Articles of Confederation : an Ineffective Government

Articles of Confederation An Ineffective Government Whoever said that the Articles of Confederation provided the United States with an effective administration was completely incorrect. The United States were not united down the stairs this governing. The United States could not stand up for itself against other countries. Also, the United States were not stable economically under the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation did not provide a good government for America. Under the Articles of Confederation, the United States were not united at all.The Articles of Confederation created a central government that was not strong at all. The government established a tax quota for each of the states and asked them please to contribute their share on a voluntary basis. They were fortunate if the states paid one-fourth of the requested amount. America had just gotten away from England and all of its taxes, so there was no yard to let their own government do the same. In fast one Jays letter to George Washington in 1786, he says that he is more worried about impending crisis caused by the Articles of Confederation than he was about the Revolutionary War.He was thinking that some people were not in agreement with the government and wanted it to be completely gone. He was worried for a good reason because three years earlier there was an attempt by a group of farmers from Pennsylvania to run the government out of Philadelphia. Also, the states acted alike their own countries and only looked out for themselves. Rhode Island is a good example of this because they rejected a request by Congress to put a tax on imported goods. They ignored the fact that America was in a massive amount of debt to the Spanish, French and Dutch.They chose to better themselves rather than to better the country. They said that the tax would be hard on their state and would go against the constitution of their state. Rhode Island denied a tax that was suggested by the countr ys central government because it conflicted with their own government. Also, based on the map of WESTERN LANDS CEDED BY THE STATES, the states were claiming territories as their own and not as a whole nation. Virginia claimed more than two-thirds of the Northwest Territory from the other states. There were as well disputes over boundaries and taxes put on goods from state to state.New York taxed firewood from Connecticut and cabbage from New Jersey at one cadence. Also, there were a few rebellions. A noticeable one was Shays Rebellion, which had debt-ridden farmers tried to free themselves from the demands of the government. All these different conflicts and incidents point to the nation being not united due to the weakness of the Articles of Confederation. succession under the Articles of Confederation, the United States could not stand up for itself. The Articles of Confederation stopped the country from successfully raising an army.To do so, the government had to ask the stat e to congruous their troop quotas, which usually did not happen. The government had no power to enforce this. The weak central government also did not have the power to backward its foreign policies with military strength. John Jay had experienced other nations not taking the United States seriously. When Jay negotiated with the Spanish Minister de Gardoqui, he attempted to regain use of the Mississippi, which had been unlikeable to American Commerce in 1784. Jay said that the Spanish should be careful because the American population was growing rapidly and de Gardoqui denied him.The subgenus Pastor of Spain said that the Americans should relinquish their respectable to navigate the Mississippi. Despite Jays warning, the Spanish Minister refused to take the United States seriously. Since the Articles of Confederation would not allow the government to raise an army effectively, Spain had no reason to take the United States seriously. The country had no way of standing up for itse lf. England felt that America stabbed them in the back and for that, did not send a minister to the capital for eight years.England poked fun at how little unity the states had by saying that if they sent one minister, they might as well send thirteen. John Jay gave specific instructions to the United States Minister to England. He wanted the minister to be very respectful and make the United States look better. Since the United States could not actually stand up for itself under the Articles of Confederation, Jay wanted it to look like they did. Also, Spain gave the United States trouble. Spain took Florida which had been given to the United States by England in 1783.No country took the United States seriously and would continue to walk all over them until the United States could stand up for itself. The United States were not economically stable while under the Articles of Confederation. One primary(prenominal) reason for economic struggle was that there were so m both types of c urrency being used that trade with other states was near impossible. There were fourteen primitive types of currency, one from each state and the rarely used Continental. The Articles of Confederation did not allow the government to control commerce.This left states free to make different, often contradicting, laws of sailing and trading. With all of this conflict, making money was very difficult because one state always had to pay another for some piloting law to do any trading at all. The Articles of Confederation also left the government unable to levy taxes. The government could ask the states nicely, but couldnt actually enforce the payment. other economic struggle was caused by European countries such as England and Spain. England declined to make a commercial treaty and also would not remove its old navigation laws.England was just trying to be a thorn in the side of the United States. If the United States were under a better government, they could make up for the pecunia ry losses to England by levying taxes of their own. Based on the chart showing the United States value of exports to England and population, it seems like the numbers are all over the place. The export pay are never constantly increasing even though the population is increasing. Usually, if the population goes up, so do the number of goods exported and prices will go down.That is true for this time period, however, England is not buying all that the United States have to export. The central government of the United States cannot regulate trade at all and it is deeply affecting the profits. Also, Spain gag rule the Mississippi River does not help the American trade. The entire western part of the United States uses that river for exporting. That cut off a large amount of profit for Americans. none of that would have happened if the United States were under a stronger government than the Articles of Confederation provided.The Articles of Confederation did not help American trade. So me people may have conceit that the Articles of Confederation provided an effective government, but they did not. The United States were not united at all under the Articles of Confederation. The United States could not stand up for itself and be taken seriously under the Articles of Confederation. The Articles of Confederation caused the United States to be economically unstable. The Articles of Confederation never provided the United States with an effective government.

David Broder †“A Republic Subverted” Essay

The thesis of A Republic Subverted was that the initiative serve circumvents constitutional requirements and disrupts the careful poise of checks and balances. The initiative process was originally meant to stop full passel and interest groups from gaining power. Now it is one of their main tools. It has turned the Unites deposits Government into one without laws and threatens to subvert the American system of government. Broder says that even though the complex procedures invented by the installation father in order to ensure separation of powers throw off proven themselves over and over again, the American people realize become more and more impatient. Some people argue that the constitution is outdated. Also, peoples anger at the government is spurred by journalists reports of scandals in the private lives and many government officials. Also, political campaigns have become competitions where even the winner comes out with a tarnished reputation.Since the Cold War, power h as been shifted to the subjects. Less and less decisions about our lives and character are made in Washington. State governments have grown exponentially. Medicare and social security aside, state governments spend more than the federal official government. Only 13% of public employees are in the service of the federal government. States have also become innovators of new legislation, including programs such as welfare to work. Now, people are using the initiative process to easily amend state constitutions in order to achieve a variety of goals. They have raised minimum wage, ended affirmative action, banned billboards, and decriminalized many drugs.State initiatives have allowed people to gain access to medical marijuana, casinos, restricted campaign funds, banned hunting and certain types of abortion, and allowed adopted children to take on the name of their biological parents. Out of 226 initiatives on ballots, 163 were approved. Many issues about new ballparks for major league teams were also put on ballots. Initiatives have become the new way to amend state constitutions without difficulty. In 1999 on that point was an initiative in California that tried to make all fur shops put warning labels on their items that said many animals were brutally killed in order to make this product. This initiative failed because the fur industry was able to spend more money than the backers of the initiative.These were not republican or federalist decisions. None of these initiatives went through the process of being signed into law by a Congress that ensuresa true republican form of government. These were decisions made by mob rule. The reason the coupled States was made into a republic and not a commonwealth was because of the many dangers of a direct democracy. According to Fisher Ames said that a direct democracy would be very burdensome, subject to factions and violence decisions would often be made by surprise, in the precipitancy of passion. . . . It would be a government not by laws but by men.We view our lawmakers as selfish and corrupt individuals. Instead of trying to rule the country by mob rule through initiatives, we should sweep house in Congress. Broder says we should vote out the politicians that arent properly representing us. We should not try to write the laws ourselves. The constitution is clear about direct democracy and it is obvious that the founding father did not want regular citizens writing the laws. We should follow a republican form of government and use our representatives to get what we need done, done.I arrest with Broder on most of his points. I think that these initiatives are a form of mob rule and should be prohibited. On the other hand, our political system is implausibly corrupt. It would be nearly impossible to elect a majority of model representatives. There just arent enough people with the ability to run that are, in fact, brilliant delegates. It is good that the people have the option to pass ini tiatives, but the privilege is being abused. It is happening too often and is allowed the American public to be spaced from Congress and not be as concerned as they should be about the caliber of its members.If people can pass legislation through initiatives, there interest in other politic will dwindle. Then, when there is a matter of national importance, the Congress will be ill equipped to mess hall with it. We must try to uphold our republican form of government and try to salvage what we can from our political leaders. The government has not because so bad that we have to tear down the system and start again. If the imitate process is allowed to continue as it is, the destruction of the American system of government will be imminent.BibliographyWoll, Peter. American Government Readings and Cases. 16th ed. New York Pearson Longman, 2006.

Civil Peace

Civil Peace Chinua Achebe The short story Civil Peace by Chinua Achebe is about a man named Jonathan Iwegbu, his wife Maria and his three surviving children. Chinua Achebes emphasis in his short story is how Jonathan and his family are trying to need on with their lives after the Civil War in Nigeria. Moreover, there is a verbiage that Jonathan says several times through his story, nothing puzzles beau ideal. What does Jonathan means when he says this?The story starts off with Jonathan realizing how lucky he is to have survived the war along with his wife and three of his four children, one of his tidingss did not survive. He also mentions that his erstwhile(a) bicycle which he had buried in the reason a year earlier just needed a little greasing and was able to be use again. This is also where Jonathan first uses the phrase Nothing puzzles God, (page 29). I think that in this part of the story Jonathan means that although his bicycle had been buried in the ground for a year a ll that it needed to work again was a little oil.Most people may have thought that the bicycle would have been no good or puzzled by the fact that it worked, alone God knew that it would be okay, so Jonathan places his faith in God, Nothing puzzles God. Jonathan immediately regularise his bicycle to use as a taxi to earn money. He then mentions that he makes the journey to Enugu and when he arrives he finds another miracle. His little business firm is still standing, he discovers that miraculously his own modest home is intact, Dameron Charles, Chinua Achebe, A Readers Companion to the Short Story in English, paragraph 15.He again uses the phrase nothing puzzles God. Jonathan talks about the fact that just two houses away a huge concrete structure is no longer there, but his tiny little house has survived. As this point, I think Jonathan means that despite the war and hardship a small house withstood the effects of the war and Jonathan and his family had a place to return to. Jon athan after fixing his home opens a palm-wine bar for soldiers and people who had a lot of money. He opens this bar rather than waiver back to work as a miner. Jonathan talks of receiving twenty pounds from the treasury which he eceived for turning in rebel money and how he felt kindred it was Christmas because he had so much money. He attracts the attention of thieves who show up at his home that night to steal the money. Jonathan explains how he is usually a laboured sleeper but on this night he hears ever noise. He finally falls asleep and is awakened by knocking at the door. Jonathan and his wife scream for the police and for their neighbors but no one comes to help them. The thieves want one hundred pounds, but Jonathan tells them that he only has the twenty pounds that he had get from the treasury.Jonathan agrees to hand over the twenty pounds and the thieves leave. When Jonathan tells people of the robbery the next morning, he again uses the phrase Nothing puzzles God, (pa ge 34). I believe that Jonathan means that with e verything that has happened, the war, his sons death, his bicycle being recovered, his house still standing, and finally the robbery that God has a plan for everything and although we may not understand what that plan is God does and therefore nothing puzzles God.He is a humble man, He is a modern, and modest, hero, a rural counterpoint to the doomed Gladys. Dameron Charles, Chinua Achebe, A Readers Companion to the Short Story in English, paragraph 15. Chinua Achebe is aware of Jonathans feelings and he knows about his suffering and of his family members. However, the writer mentioned that Jonathan has a strong faith of God. Moreover, Jonathan always keeps his optimistic view of life and that is very important for all readers.

Behavioral Observations of Number of Items Bought in Chain Stores

Students Egor Karpunin, 5006119 Dominika Majcher, 5028142 Behavioral observations of Number of items bought in chain stores by consumers according to their sex Assignment for the course Consumer Behaviour presentation The general purpose of our study was to define, which lot of the observed bargain forers (male or female) guides to buy to a greater extent than 1 item. According to our assumptions, women buy more items than men. This could be a allow of the womens shopping nature.Usually women going to some shopping mall to buy, for example, the presents for Christmas (or even vindicatory doing shopping for themselves) for their relatives do not set a specific oddment before actually go shopping. They just find some time and then decide to visit some shop. Then being already in the shop they choose to buy anything that seems attractive or could be somehow useful for those whom they buy the present. So this so-called shopping strategy means that at the same time they hindquarter s worry a lot of things and buy not only one (for their husband or sun) but also for their friends, colleagues etc.They buttocks also like some additional things like jewellery for the dress that they have just decided to buy. We cant say the same intimately mens shopping. Everybody tend to think that men do not like shopping. But actually when there are some who likes it or they just have to do it to make their couple (or kid, grandmother, colleague) fell real Christmas (etc. ) they go to the shop with an already defined objective. As a rule it means that they had already thought through the present itself in advance and now they just want to go to specific shop and buy one. But they also can buy several items in one shop.All in all we are going to confirm or reject our assumption. Male Customers Female Customers 1 incident 24 10 34 2 or more Items 12 34 46 36 44 80 Procedure Our observation was do on Friday, December 7th, 2012, between 3 oclock and 6 oclock in the afternoo n. We chose the time of Christmas shopping when everybody finished their work and a lot of race went to stores located in the city center. We went to the chain stores HM, Zara, New Yorker and PeekCloppenburg located at Zeil street in Frankfurt am Main offer their products to both(prenominal) male and female customers.We observed the main check out in every of these stores (both groups of customers buy there) stores like these are very popular among both groups of customers. We chose the Zeil street in Frankfurt because of wide variety of customers shopping there and their random preferences. In every store we observed first 20 customers who paying for their shopping at the main check out. Every time we stayed near the check out place and noted the sex of every client as well as number of items they bought. Results We observed 80 customers (one by one, without breaks) in described chain stores.We got 80 observations, 44 of them were women and 36 men. In 46 cases the customers bou ght more than 1 item and in 34 just one product (so 57,5% customers bought at least 2 or more items). Distribution of these purchases has been shown on the graphical record below The graph follows that women buy more often at least 2 or more items (vs. 1 item) in chain stores than men. To check this inference we computed the Chi-Square-test (the analyses have been included as an appendix at the end of the paper). We got the Actual Chi-Square value on the level 15. 4. The scathing Chi-Square value with 1 degree of independence and p-value 0. 05 is 3. 84. We compared Actual 2 with the Critical 2 and made sure that the given Actual Chi-Square value is bigger than the Critical one (15. 64 3. 84). This means that women buy more often at least 2 or more items (vs. 1 item) in chain stores than men. Conclusions (Egor) According to the results of the observation our initial assumption that women tend to buy 2 or more items in the stores while shopping, whether men tend more often to by o nly 1 item, is right.As the observation took part on Friday (end of the working week actually) from our point of view the results could differ the other day from that we have now, but the difference would not be so significant that could refuse our initial hypothesis. The location (the place where we made the observation) change also would not change the results. The prerequisite of our observation is to look at behavior of bulk in chain stores, so it does not really matter for the final result whether to collect out observations in the shops at Zeil Street or in Nordwestzentrum shopping mall.Our survey could also be useful for marketers of the shops where the observation took place. For instance, if women tend to buy more than 1 item in a shop like HM, Zara etc. , then chain stores should make some combinations of matching product, offer some additional accessories or just a pack of a couple of(prenominal) clothes for a bit lower price(for example, skirt + blouse). So when women can get this readiness to buy something more than just 1 thing that they chose, this ability can be used and they would make their choice into get additional jewellery for their new dress or buying skirt+blouse together than buying only one item of clothes.Appendix 1. Collected data Male Female grade 1 item 24 10 34 2 or more items 12 34 46 Column 36 44 80 Hypothesis 0 Men buy more often 2 or more items (vs. 1 item) in chain stores than women. Hypothesis 1 Women buy more often 2 or more items (vs. 1 item) in chain stores than men. 2. Actual 2 2 = (Observed Cell Frequency Expected Cell Frequency)2/Expected Cell Frequency Expected Cell Frequency path 1 (24+10)/80 0. 425 Column 1 (24+12)/80 0. 45 Row 2 (12+34)/80 0. 575 Column 2 (10+34)/80 0. 55 Row 1 Prob x Column 1 Prob = 0. 91 Row 1 Prob x Column 2 Prob = 0. 234 Row 2 Prob x Column 1 Prob = 0. 259 Row 2 Prob x Column 2 Prob = 0. 316 0. 191 * 80 = 0. 234 * 80 = 0. 259 * 80 = 0. 316 * 80 = 15. 3 18. 7 20. 7 25. 3 Act ual 2 = (24-15. 3)2/15. 3+(10-18. 7)2/18. 7+(12-20. 7)2/20. 7+(34-25. 3)2/25. 3 3. Actual 2 vs. Critical 2 Actual 2 = 15. 64 Critical 2 = 3. 84 (1 d. f. , p-value 0. 05) 3. 84 15. 64 = Critical 2 Actual 2 Conclusion The hypothesis 1 is true. Women buy more often 2 or more items (vs. 1 item) in chain stores than men.

The Importance of Comprehensive Classroom Management

The instructor is a manger. The organization he or she manages is a group of scholars from diverse backgrounds and with differing skills and abilities. many atomic number 18 already eager claimers, while others bem office to be awakened to the joys and satisfactions of assumeing. Still others use up finicky problems that must(prenominal) be dealt with effectively in roll for them to learn and in order to maintain an purlieu conducive to learning for the whole group. Its classic, first, to provide scholars with opportunities to learn closely things that interest them and and therefore, to find ship rouseal to store the learning that peaks the students interest.If the instructor can find ways to relate the topic to the students pre move experience, and provide interactive learning activities that the student can actively get in in, then the student bequeath get together motivation. The somatogenetic environment plays a role in learning too. Some students learn better in antithetic lighting (softer or brighter), sitting at a desk or falsehood on the floor, with music on or in perfect silence, in a warmer or cooler place, etc. The teacher can try areas in the room that tinge these different needs and styles of learning.Students who learn better lying d protest, for example, could bring mats to check that can be unrolled for chew over time. A small tent in the recess could provide the dimmer light some students need. A radio or CD player with earphones could be allowed during study time provided it truly abets the student to learn. The magnificence of reasonable rules that all(prenominal)one understands can hardly be over estimated. On the first or second day of educate the teacher could initiate an interactive discussion with the students nigh why rules are needed in the classroom. allow students share a few experiences that happened when there were no rules. Then, ask them to come up with no much than than five rules for class room carriage. They could each write mow a rule or two they study is important on an index card, and the teacher could then let each person read what he/she wrote down. A list could be generated on the board. Or, they could scoop by brainstorming a list of every rule they can think of, then evaluate, eliminate, shoot ( in force(p) the word respect, for example, includes many rules), and whittle them down into iii to five pitching(prenominal) rules.A student with good handwriting or an artistic bent could be chosen to make a large post horse with the rules, or a bulletin board for classroom display where everybody can cope with it. Once the students produce set their classroom rules, they are invested in them. I have tried this with grades 4-7 students, and it worked very well to establish an orderly learning environment. The students took the rules more seriously because they had had a say in setting them. It teaches democracy, too. If the students do not think of someth ing the teacher considers important, the teacher can tot up it to their list and explain why.However, this is unlikely. In my experience, the students rules tend to be very good-actually, the same rules I would have make myself, only they mean more to the students since they have suck up oned them as a group and the rules are in their own voice communication. Lane and Wehby (2005) report that 1% of school age children have been labeled emotionally impress and are receiving special education services because of it. They estimate an additional 2% to 16% of U. S. students who demonstrate anti-social demeanor patterns such as defiance disorders or study disorders.When a student is oppositional or defiant, the teacher must be careful not to respond angrily and get into a confrontation. Teachers should be aware of their own triggers so that they can control their own mien. This will abet them to block a confrontation. It is best to lodge calm and to diffuse the students anger i n the beginning it escalates into a crisis and/or violence. If a student refuses to do a certain task, offering an alternative choice whitethorn help, and it would be a good idea for the teacher always to have alternative tasks ready just in case-alternative activities that are still learning activities.A sense of humor may be a teachers best defense when students are uncooperative. It is better to veto escalation than to deal with a crisis later. bingle way to do this is to reinforce good behavior with praise, a smile, gesture, touch, or a pleasant comment when they display unprompted, socially allot behavior (Albin, 2003). Dont wait until students are degenerate to pay attention to them Teachers should make the effort to pecker and praise good behavior and reward it. penalisation is a negative way of dealing with knotty behavior.It may provide reinforcement for enceinte behavior if the reason the student is misbehaving is because he/she wants attention. If a student misbeh aves because he doesnt want to do his work, and then gets sent extinct in the hall or to the office, then he gets what he wanted, and the bad behavior is reinforced. Rewards for confirmatory behavior, such as time to do an action at law the students loves, a toy or candy, or private time with the teacher (just to talk and visit for a few minutes) makes students happy to learn and to be in school. Punishment often produces resentment, and may make the student hate school.A student who hates school is not an eager learner, so punishment can be anti-productive (Peck & Scarpati (2005). Teachers commonly deal with difficult students by narrowing them-the more intense the students needs are, the more travailsuch as placing a childs desk toward the wall (Duhaney, 2003). However, a needs-based approach is more ordained and effective and suggests repair to greater resources. Perhaps the child needs to learn appropriate ways to handle anger and aggression, more problem-solving skills, or receive feedback for appropriate behaviors.If the child has ail with self-control, instructional strategies could include modeling, role-play, and feedback to help him stay out of fights, solve problems, express anger appropriately, and deal with frustration. Without preventative students with or at risk for behavioral disorders are liable to experience many negative outcomes both(prenominal) in school and outside such as impaired social relationships, academic underachievement, and discipline problems (Lane, Wehby, & Barton-Arwood, 2005). brotherly skills interventions have been used and evaluated for more than 25 years, scarce their efficacy continues to be questioned.Researchers suggest that social skills teaching makes only a modest impact however, well-nigh educators agree that not doing anything is worse. The ability to adapt and modify instruction is crucial to effectively educating these children. Before beginning an intervention, it would be wise to gather infor mation about the student, such as why, where and when he uses the particular behavior. diagnose what social, affective, cultural, or contextual elements might be at work, and analyze the information. List the detail behaviors and describe where when and with whom the behavior is likely to occur.What consequences are usually administered? Keep anecdotical records so you can look for patterns and what triggers the behavior. Then human body out what strategies might be effective to avoid the behavior for example, teach self-talk to students who are impulsive and make the classroom environment to help hyperactive students. film making a contract with the student. Develop individualized schedules for students who have difficulty making good use of their time. Consider implementing a token economy in which the teacher systematically awards or withdraws tokens or points for appropriate or inappropriate behavior.The student can redeem the tokens for something he wants such as privileg es, desired activities, or food. Conflict resolution is a way to help students express their fingerings and communicate better with others. We tend to see impinge as negative because of the disruption it causes in the classroom however, conflict is neither good nor bad but simply a fact of life. accord to Vollmer, Drook and Harned (1999) Learning through social conflict is important to all human vexment (p. 122).As children develop cognitive reasoning skills, they begin to see that others have perspectives, needs, and desires too. Early training with role plays and simulations will help them develop the social skills they need to maintain relationships. Students can be taught a process for resolution of conflict. One way is to use a large opthalmic of a traffic light which shows the steps to conflict resolution and includes the words Cool down and screen background Rules (RED), Tell your side and Listen (YELLOW), and Brainstorm and Ideas (GREEN). A turn arrow at the bottom has the words Choose solution, and do it and Shake hands.Teachers report that students take more responsibility and often initiate conflict-resolution strategies on their own after learning and practicing this system (Vollmer, Drook & Harned, 1999, p. 124). The teacher should provide a quiet place in the room where students can work things out when they have a conflict. Once they have mastered a structured routine for conflict anxiety, it will be unnecessary for the teacher to get involved. classroom management is a challenge that requires the teacher to put his or her heart into it. An ancient Chinese proverb states that a student only learns from a teacher who loves home.In other words, a child needs to feel accepted and that the teacher cares about him or her. on the whole children have basic needsphysical needs, sentry duty needs, and social needsthat must be met before they can feel free to learn and develop to their true potential. If their needs are met and a positive learnin g environment is created, they will learn and be eager to participate. Therefore, the teachers goal should be, not to fill their heads with specific information, but to make learning possible in a calm, structured, safe, and flexible environment and help them gain the skills to go after knowledge.The Importance of Comprehensive Classroom ManagementThe teacher is a manger. The organization he or she manages is a group of students from diverse backgrounds and with differing skills and abilities. Some are already eager learners, while others have to be awakened to the joys and satisfactions of learning. Still others have special problems that must be dealt with effectively in order for them to learn and in order to maintain an environment conducive to learning for the whole group. Its important, first, to provide students with opportunities to learn about things that interest them and then, to find ways to introduce the learning that peaks the students interest.If the teacher can find ways to relate the topic to the students present experience, and provide interactive learning activities that the student can actively participate in, then the student will gain motivation. The physical environment plays a role in learning too. Some students learn better in different lighting (softer or brighter), sitting at a desk or lying on the floor, with music on or in perfect silence, in a warmer or cooler place, etc. The teacher can establish areas in the room that meet these different needs and styles of learning.Students who learn better lying down, for example, could bring mats to school that can be unrolled for study time. A small tent in the corner could provide the dimmer light some students need. A radio or CD player with earphones could be allowed during study time provided it truly helps the student to learn. The importance of reasonable rules that everyone understands can hardly be overestimated. On the first or second day of school the teacher could initiate an int eractive discussion with the students about why rules are needed in the classroom.Let students share a few experiences that happened when there were no rules. Then, ask them to come up with no more than five rules for classroom behavior. They could each write down a rule or two they think is important on an index card, and the teacher could then let each person read what he/she wrote down. A list could be generated on the board. Or, they could start by brainstorming a list of every rule they can think of, then evaluate, eliminate, combine (just the word respect, for example, includes many rules), and whittle them down into three to five good rules.A student with good handwriting or an artistic bent could be chosen to make a large poster with the rules, or a bulletin board for classroom display where everybody can see it. Once the students have set their classroom rules, they are invested in them. I have tried this with grades 4-7 students, and it worked very well to establish an ord erly learning environment. The students took the rules more seriously because they had had a say in setting them. It teaches democracy, too. If the students do not think of something the teacher considers important, the teacher can add it to their list and explain why.However, this is unlikely. In my experience, the students rules tend to be very good-actually, the same rules I would have made myself, only they mean more to the students since they have real them as a group and the rules are in their own words. Lane and Wehby (2005) report that 1% of school age children have been labeled emotionally disturbed and are receiving special education services because of it. They estimate an additional 2% to 16% of U. S. students who demonstrate anti-social behavior patterns such as defiance disorders or conduct disorders.When a student is oppositional or defiant, the teacher must be careful not to respond angrily and get into a confrontation. Teachers should be aware of their own triggers so that they can control their own behavior. This will help them to avoid a confrontation. It is best to remain calm and to diffuse the students anger before it escalates into a crisis and/or violence. If a student refuses to do a certain task, offering an alternative choice may help, and it would be a good idea for the teacher always to have alternative tasks ready just in case-alternative activities that are still learning activities.A sense of humor may be a teachers best defense when students are uncooperative. It is better to prevent escalation than to deal with a crisis later. One way to do this is to reinforce good behavior with praise, a smile, gesture, touch, or a pleasant comment when they display unprompted, socially appropriate behavior (Albin, 2003). Dont wait until students are disruptive to pay attention to them Teachers should make the effort to notice and praise good behavior and reward it. Punishment is a negative way of dealing with problematic behavior.It may pr ovide reinforcement for bad behavior if the reason the student is misbehaving is because he/she wants attention. If a student misbehaves because he doesnt want to do his work, and then gets sent out in the hall or to the office, then he gets what he wanted, and the bad behavior is reinforced. Rewards for positive behavior, such as time to do an activity the students loves, a toy or candy, or one-on-one time with the teacher (just to talk and visit for a few minutes) makes students happy to learn and to be in school. Punishment often produces resentment, and may make the student hate school.A student who hates school is not an eager learner, so punishment can be anti-productive (Peck & Scarpati (2005). Teachers commonly deal with difficult students by restricting them-the more intense the students needs are, the more restrictionsuch as placing a childs desk toward the wall (Duhaney, 2003). However, a needs-based approach is more positive and effective and suggests recourse to greater resources. Perhaps the child needs to learn appropriate ways to handle anger and aggression, more problem-solving skills, or receive feedback for appropriate behaviors.If the child has trouble with self-control, instructional strategies could include modeling, role-play, and feedback to help him stay out of fights, solve problems, express anger appropriately, and deal with frustration. Without intervention students with or at risk for behavioral disorders are liable to experience many negative outcomes both in school and outside such as impaired social relationships, academic underachievement, and discipline problems (Lane, Wehby, & Barton-Arwood, 2005). Social skills interventions have been used and evaluated for more than 25 years, but their efficacy continues to be questioned.Researchers suggest that social skills training makes only a modest impact however, most educators agree that not doing anything is worse. The ability to adapt and modify instruction is crucial to effective ly educating these children. Before starting an intervention, it would be wise to gather information about the student, such as why, where and when he uses the particular behavior. Identify what social, affective, cultural, or contextual elements might be at work, and analyze the information. List the specific behaviors and describe where when and with whom the behavior is likely to occur.What consequences are usually administered? Keep anecdotal records so you can look for patterns and what triggers the behavior. Then figure out what strategies might be effective to avoid the behavior for example, teach self-talk to students who are impulsive and organize the classroom environment to help hyperactive students. Consider making a contract with the student. Develop personal schedules for students who have difficulty making good use of their time. Consider implementing a token economy in which the teacher systematically awards or withdraws tokens or points for appropriate or inappropri ate behavior.The student can redeem the tokens for something he wants such as privileges, desired activities, or food. Conflict resolution is a way to help students express their feelings and communicate better with others. We tend to see conflict as negative because of the disruption it causes in the classroom however, conflict is neither good nor bad but simply a fact of life. According to Vollmer, Drook and Harned (1999) Learning through social conflict is important to all human development (p. 122).As children develop cognitive reasoning skills, they begin to see that others have perspectives, needs, and desires too. Early training with role plays and simulations will help them develop the social skills they need to maintain relationships. Students can be taught a process for resolution of conflict. One way is to use a large visual of a traffic light which shows the steps to conflict resolution and includes the words Cool down and Ground Rules (RED), Tell your side and Listen (Y ELLOW), and Brainstorm and Ideas (GREEN). A turn arrow at the bottom has the words Choose solution, and do it and Shake hands.Teachers report that students take more responsibility and often initiate conflict-resolution strategies on their own after learning and practicing this system (Vollmer, Drook & Harned, 1999, p. 124). The teacher should provide a quiet place in the room where students can work things out when they have a conflict. Once they have mastered a structured routine for conflict management, it will be unnecessary for the teacher to get involved. Classroom management is a challenge that requires the teacher to put his or her heart into it. An ancient Chinese proverb states that a student only learns from a teacher who loves home.In other words, a child needs to feel accepted and that the teacher cares about him or her. All children have basic needsphysical needs, safety needs, and social needsthat must be met before they can feel free to learn and develop to their tru e potential. If their needs are met and a positive learning environment is created, they will learn and be eager to participate. Therefore, the teachers goal should be, not to fill their heads with specific information, but to make learning possible in a calm, structured, safe, and flexible environment and help them gain the skills to go after knowledge.

Faminism in Anna Karenina

In the closing chapters of Leo Tolstoys Anna Karenina (Penguin Books, 2003), Dolly, Annas sister-in-law, reveals that Whatever way one lives, theres a penalty. This is the central message in Tolstoys work, a tragedy whose themes include aristocracy, faith, hypocrisy, love, marriage, family, infidelity, greed, and every other issue prevalent among human beings. Anna Karenina is a tragic figure, barely she can also be considered a feminist one. Her experiences resonate with female readers because she does the unforeseen she moves against the grain.And with any womanat least in literaturewho accomplishes the unexpected, the inappropriate, she pays the price for it. A Princess, an aristocrat get hitched with to Count Alexei Karenin, an important man twenty years her senior, Anna Karenina is a socialite, a respected woman, a wife, and a perplex. It seems as if she has it all, until she meets the handsome and charming young Count Alexei Vronsky. He stirs things in herphysical and emot ionalthat she has never experienced. This lack of experience in the spaces of love and desire is commonhistoricallyfor wo manpower.They married who they were told to marryfor money, for titles, and for security. non for love. Anna Karenina is not in love with her husband. She tolerates him, but secretly she feels repulsed by this rigid, domineering, and paternal man twice her age. Vronskys wooing of her endanger s her point in society, her marriage, and even her role as mother. When she succumbs to an battle with him, she does so with open eyes, aware of all that she is sacrificing for the sake of love.And this isnt the tragedy of the novel, of the situation. The tragedy is that she is a woman in a mans world It was fate she was doomed from the start. And she was doomed because she was a woman playing bulge on her desires. Paralleled to her brother, Stiva, and his insuppressible and known womanizing, the novel demonstrates the evident attitudes society had at this time toward men and women locomoteing in similar fashion. Men, the public faces of society, had the power, the voice, and the volition to act in any way they wished.Stivas womanizing is something his wife, Dolly, has to fulfill silently. She has no power to stop it. She is merely the wife. She goes about her business taking care of the home and her children, erudite that gossip and shame shadow her footsteps. Although infidelity is looked upon as an act of dishonor, society looks the other way when men succumb to its powers. Men continue to keep their marriages, the power in the homeover their wives and children, their jobs, and their place in society goes unvarnished.Even Vronsky, who openly seeks the affections of Anna, a married woman, a mother, and has an affair with her, has eyes rolled at him, but his career is never placed in danger. He does not lose his place in society, his options, his money, or his power. He loves, he takes what he wants, and then when he is donewhen Anna becomes too obsessive, too cumbersome an affairhe simply walks away. In the end, hes lost nothing. He gave up nothing. With women, following their paddy wagon is not so acceptable. Its a tragedy, as we come to see with Anna.In following her heart, her passions, Anna loses her marriage, which is controlled by Karenin, who kicks her out of their home, but refuses to give her a divorce. In this way, she cannot marry Vronsky. She is forced to become his mistress and live with him in disgrace. When she takes her love out into the public, she is shunned by the same people who once loved her, while everyone shakes Vronskys hands. And the more or less valuable asset that she loses is access to her son, who is told that she is dead. Having lost everything and everyone, the only thing that remains is Vronsky.And she grabs on to him with great force, with desperation, displace him farther and farther away from her with every aching need she can muster. But he grows drop of her love and confesses t o her that A man needs his career, for he still has that fall back on. She has nothing. In losing him, she loses everything, and it is no wonder that she commits suicide. A woman in her day, having lost her place in society, her role as mother and wife, she cannot sustain herself. She gave everything up for love, for passion, for herself, to feed her own desires, but no one gave anything up for her.She dies tragically, while everyone more or less her continues to move on without her. Today, we can look at a character like Anna Karenina and come face-to-face with a feminist she is strong, determined, bold, and she fights the patriarchal powers that tell her she cannot have what men are allowed, no matter their place in society. And even though her attempts come crashing around her in the end, resulting in her violent suicide, she had the courage to act against the norm. This is empowerment. This is a feminist.

Improving Schools Essay

There are many improvements that throne be made to our work. These improvements will cash advance the prepare into a higher(prenominal) grade of learning for students. There are many different facets to our school and small, inexpensive, environmentally friendly changes need to be made. Making changes to the school will help the students achieve higher grades, and therefore stick even much university and college acceptance. Improvements such as free internet, a library on campus and free parking will for sure be solutions with a positive aftermath.My first suggestion to ameliorate the school is free internet. Internet can be a positive solution for those students in St. Louis that position is not their first language. They can access translation sites to help them better understand the reading hooey and course assignments. Diagrams for courses with maps and graphs can be accessed on the internet. This will save paper for teacher, therefore creating a more environmentally frie ndly place and besides will help students see the diagrams first hand in colour.We have immovable as a democratic society that education is a cover, with this right we moldiness provide the tools to call it accessible, the internet will further progress students learning in variable ways. My foster suggestion is that we have a library on campus. Through the library we can borrow books this is a great solution to those who cant afford to buy books. Buying books outside of school can be expensive and what can you do with them after you read them, borrowing them for the library is a simple(a) and environmentally friendly solution.The library is a good place also to work on assignments and assemblage projects on the lunch hour, this helps students get the work done and hand it in on time and also provides a work office other than their house. In addition to the above point, since we decided education is a right, it is imperative that a library be added for those who cant afford a computer, internet etc. A library is a place for those to access the tools to have a better learning invite such as typing out assignments and accessing internet for class.We have decided education is a right but again we must provide to make that right available to all. Lastly, we should have free parking. loosen parking has many positive variables. For instance, if we issue free parking for students we could insist that students carpool to centralise parking space demand, this will also lower our ecological footprint and therefore be good for everyone.Students coming from Cambridge, have a hour long bus ride toget to the Kitchener campus and most of them have to come to the the Kitchener campus because Cambridge doesnt offer University level courses. Free parking would make that drive less of a hassle that it already is. Also many students as St. Louis have kids and or a job. Free parking would aid in getting to work on time, or getting their child from daycare on time. In c onclusion, our school has made a great start. But it is time to make even more effort to make students success more efficient.With solutions like free internet, a library and free parking we will reduce our ecological impact, make student life more enjoyable, and having a higher acceptance to University and College. We have decided that schooling is a right, with that we need to give students what they need to succeed. Our society will better from educated tidy sum that can support themselves, rather than people that depend on society. Education is not only for the now, it is forever.

Barn Burning William Faulkner

Biography William Faulkner was born on September 25, 1897, in New Albany, Mississippi. During his teen years he was motivated to attend school and notwithstanding skipped the second grade. Unfortunately, while becoming a young adult he grew less fond of his studies and dropped go forth of high school when he was fifteen. In 1918 he was rejected from the U. S Air Force since he did not meet weight and crown requirements, he then returned home to Oxford, Mississippi. Faulkner attended University of Mississippi where he wrote the school newspapers and magazines.Due to his upbringing in the south which is duly noted in his literature works of art, Barn earnest would be considered his fictional office of the merciless, money-making New South versus the land-owning, noble Old South. Barn Burning, part of a trilogy, also incorporates some aspects of his family life, for eccentric being brought in the judgment of convictions of the great depression. Barn Burning captures of the lif e of the south during this time full stop through his setting, characters, and symbols.In 1949, he won the Nobel Prize for literature which he used the income to establish a information fund for black students. William Faulkner believed in integration of the South sort of than segregation. William Faulkner tells the story of his region and of his nation, to demonstrate the lots tragic inextricability of past and present, to coming into court the human capacity for baseness and for nobility, to search for truth and meaning in a world where values seem constantly to shift and to erode. (Minter) Literary CritiqueIn the beginning, Barn Burning appears to be a story about a harsh father and his family, who seems to be caught up in his devilish modes. As you read further in to the story you find that the story is focused on the mavin or son a poor sharecropper, Colonel Sartoris Snopes, who has to stcarpetgle with his fathers arsonist tendencies which are destroying his families news report and life style, while coming to terms with his own ethics. However, dont forget to notice the phrase in this story and Faulkners.Critic Hal Macdonald comments on dialect when Sarty Snopes says to himself, He aims for me to lie and I will get to do hit(Faulkner 156) points out Sartys addition of an h before the pronoun it, although characteristic of some rural Southern dialects, so far strikes the ear of a Southern reader (Par. 1) In addition to the importance of dialect, we are missing out on a truly miserable pain in the context of the story seen through situations well-nigh a fire.Susan Yunis comments on the fact that Barn Burning focuses more on the tyranny of the father rather than the deplorable state his family is left in. An excerpt from the story shows this ongoing effect on his family The nights were still still and they had a fire against it, of a rail lifted from a nearby fence and cut into lengthsa lilliputian fire, neat, skinflint almost, a shrewd fir e such fires were his fathers habit and custom always, however in freezing weather.Older, the boy might have remarked this and wondered why not a big one why should not a man who had not only seen the waste and extravagance of war, further who had in his breed an inherent voracious prodigality with material not his own, have burned e actu solelyything in sight? wherefore he might have gone a step farther and thought that that was the originator that niggard blaze was the living fruit of nights passed during those four years in the woods hiding from all men, voluptuous or gray, with his strings of horses (captured horses, he called them).And older still he might have divined the true reason that the element of fire spoke to some deep mainspring of his fathers being, as the element of steel or of demolish spoke to other men, as the one weapon for the preservation of justness, else breath were not worth the breathing, and consequently to be paying attentioned with respect and u sed with discretion. (Par. 2)One should see a boy whose family has been forced to leave their home, huddled by a petty(a) fire in the cool night, and who has huddled by such a small fire even on freezing nights to avoid the retaliation of angry landlords. I see discomfort, anger, even despair at the recurrence of this situation and at the powerlessness of the family to change it. Yet, this discomfort is never verbalise by the narrator. Yunis states that a narrator who focuses less on the nestling than on the motivation of his violent, even ignominious parent seems incongruous (Par. 3). Furthermore, the fire is one important symbol occurring in this story.Compared to Snopes fire he constructed for his family small and inadequate. His barn-burning flames had Confederate patrols after him many nights searching for the horse thief. Instead of becoming extremely satisfied by providing warmth and comfort for his family. Snopes would rather see a brief blazing moment to preserve his in tegrity and feel powerful. In reality, he is powerless and poor with cruel intentions. In addition to the fire that says so much, the soiled rug portrays his resentment of individuals better off than him, taking it to a personal level.The luxurious rug symbolizes Snopes every relief, chance, and freedom he feels he has been unfairly denied, and in obliterating it, he gives up all regard for his life and familys hope. Theme Level of Maturity in Barn Burning Being a parent is not easy. Parents must guide the children, should set good examples, and take care of them until the day that they stomach venture the world on their own. However, what if its the other way around? William Faulkners story call Barn Burning shows a boy named Sartoris who matured at a very young hop on due to his familys circumstances.He wished that things could be different for his family especially his father the cold and unyielding manipulator of the family. The artlessness of a child is pure and beyond comp are. They try things that is new to them or that intrigues them, and they usually role receive or imitate what they see especially what the adults do. A child can be easily told to do this, do that, dont say this, and dont say that. Sartoris, on the other hand, doesnt need to be told what to do nor what to say. He is a very intelligent and wise boy because he knows exactly what to do especially when he was being questioned by the authorities.He knows what will be the outcome if he tells the truth, so even if it is against his will, he lied to the authorities. Also, he felt that his father valued him to lie He aims for me to lie, he thought, again with that frantic grief and despair. And I will have to do hit (Faulkner 156). This style shows how the father has planted the idea of how important family is for them to the point of being irrational. The critic Thomas Bertonneau shares the same idea, Abners mandate to Sarty to stick to your own blood. Abners notion of family only appl ies when it is convenient for him. Treating a child is very important as well.It molds and shapes them to be what they are in the future. It also shows what type of personality they will have like being bashful, lively, reserve, and sometimes aggressive. Child treatment is different and it depends on their gender. The example of this is if the child is a girl she might be treated gently, but protective and tons of attention. On the other hand, if the child is a boy he might be treated a little bit tougher, but somewhat lenient because boys sometimes do not need much attention than girls. Boys most of the time dont cry that much or they dont cry at all even though they are being scolded or sometimes being hit.They dont show much of their emotions or thoughts because for them being a boy means you need to be tough and not a cry baby. Also, be able to adjust their selves quickly to any situations, If I had said they wanted only truth, justice, he would have hit me again (Faulkner 158). Sartoris didnt talk tail nor cried even though he was hit by his father. He handled it very well because he knew if he talk back to his father he will get hit and he will receive a at length sermon from his father. The word ferocious is related to the word feral, or wild(Bertonneau) Sartoris was treated very precipitously by his father.He wanted to tell the authorities the truth, but he couldnt. As mentioned earlier, a child imitates what they see. If a parent is not careful with their actions or words a child might end up in the incorrect direction. However, some children have a great distinction between right from wrong and whats rude and whats not. A child can also feel embarrassment if something has been make that they believe to be humiliating, Watching him, his father held and saw the stiff foot come squarely galvanic pile in a pile of fresh droppingswhich his father could have avoided by a unproblematic change of stride(Faulkner 159).Sartoris felt so embarrassed beca use its a common sense that if in that locations a pile of animal dropping on your way you should avoid it because if you dont you will make such a mess and it will smell Abner now barges into the de Spain house, tracking muck on the rug he frightens Mrs. de Spain and humiliates the servant(Bertonneau). This stubbornness of stepping on animal droppings shows Abners voluntary behavior of telling everyone that he was not their servant and he wanted his son to learn that. The developmental stage of a child is a step by step progression, but quick.On this case, Sartoris showed a great deal of maturity and thinking. He is more mature than his father. His judgment between right and wrong is impressive. He showed great thinking because he thinks it through before saying anything. He knew whats going to snuff it if he tells the truth. Even if its against his will he remained silent because for him his father is more important even though his father is trying to corrupt him. Sartoris hav e a bright future on his way because he has different outlook or view in the world unlike his father.He is more of a man than his father because his respect to his self is great and the way that he thinks is mature rather than vernal that you would expect from a child.? Works Cited Bertonneau, Thomas. Barn Burning. Short Stories for Students. Detroit Gale, 2002. literary works resourcefulness Center. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. Faulkner, William. Barn Burning Literature An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. Ed. Kennedy, X. J. , and Dana Gioia. Boston Pearson, 2013. 155-167. Print. McDonald, Hal. Faulkners Barn Burning. . Explicator 61. 1 (Fall 2002) 46-48. Rpt. in Short Story Criticism. Ed. Jelena O. Krstovic. Vol. 92. Detroit Gale, 2006. Literature Resource Center. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. Minter, David. William Faulkner. William Faulkner. Pearson Education, n. d. Web. 11 Nov. 2012. Yunis, Susan S. The Narrator of Faulkners Barn Burning. The Faulkner Journal 6. 2 (Spring 1 991) 23-31. Rpt. in Literature Resource Center. Detroit Gale, 2012. Literature Resource Center. Web. 11 Nov. 2012.